CXCL14 promoted the browning of white fat and ameliorated glucose/insulin homeostasis in high-fat-diet-induced obese mice. Cxcl14-null mice exposed to cold showed impaired BAT activity and low recruitment of macrophages, mainly of the M2 phenotype, into BAT. We found that the CXCL14 released by brown adipocytes recruited alternatively activated (M2) macrophages. Here, we identify the chemokine CXCL14 (C-X-C motif chemokine ligand-14) as a novel regulatory factor secreted by BAT in response to thermogenic activation. Electronic address: beneficial effects of brown adipose tissue (BAT) are attributed to its capacity to oxidize metabolites and produce heat, but recent data suggest that secretory properties of BAT may also be involved. 7 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain Institut de Recerca Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.6 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain Institut de Recerca Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.5 Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.4 Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.3 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.2 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain Institut de Recerca Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.1 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.Visual acuity, sensitivity and binocularity in a gleaning insectivorous bat, Macrotus californicus (Chiroptera: phyllostomidae) Anim. Queen ants make distinctive sounds that are mimicked by a butterfly social parasite.
terminalis (Olivier) (Coleoptera: lampyridae: Luciolinae. Studies on South-east Asian fireflies: Abscondita, a new genus with details of life history, flashing patterns and behaviour of Abs. The ability of the parasitoid fly Ormia ochracea to distinguish sounds in the vertical plane. The evolutionary differentiation of stridulatory signals in beetles (Insecta: Coleoptera) Anim. We hypothesize that ultrasonic clicks can serve as part of a multimodal aposematic display.īiological sciences ecology environmental science ethology zoology.Īlexander R.D., Moore T.E., Woodruff R.E. Clicks were synchronized with the wingbeat and are probably produced by the wings. We recorded four species from different genera of fireflies in Vietnam and Israel and found that all of them generated ultrasonic clicks centered around bats' hearing range. We thus aimed to examine whether fireflies use additional measures of warning, specifically focusing on sound signals. Using their echolocation, bats might detect a firefly from a short distance and attack it in between two flashes. Bats are among the most substantial potential firefly predators. Fireflies are occasionally attacked by predators despite their warning flashes. Therefore, many fireflies evolved unpalatable compounds and probably use their light signals as anti-predator aposematic signals. However, in doing so, they reveal themselves to many potential nocturnal predators from a large distance. Fireflies are known for emitting light signals for intraspecific communication.
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